Sound Wave Transmission Through Surfaces

We are so accustomed to the many soundsSound transmission can be measured using a
audible to us at any given time that we hardlymetric known as the Sound Transmission
pause to distinguish what we are actually hearingCoefficient (STC). The STC rating is a numeric
or why. Hearing a combination of sounds aroundvalue which describes a wall, floor or ceiling’s
your home, such as the dishwasher running, carspropensity to prevent sound transmission. The
passing by and a neighbor mowing the lawn is sotypical wall with studs and drywall averages an
commonplace that it does not generally warrant aSTC rating of 38. A room with an STC rating of
second thought. However, there is an intricate38, for instance, would affect a 38 decibel drop in
science behind sound behavior that explains whythe audibility of incoming sound in a controlled
we hear certain sounds and with what intensity.environment.
A sound wave is an organized vibration whichWhile decibels describe the intensity of a sound
passes energy from particle to particle throughwave, Hertz is a measure of its frequency, or the
any molecular structure. You hear the voice ofnumber of cycles occurring over a specified time.
someone in the same room speaking to youOne Hertz is one vibration, or cycle, per second.
because the energy travels through the moleculesSounds with higher frequencies have a higher
of the air and reaches your ear. Likewise, youpitch. Low frequency sounds, such as bass, have
perceive sounds from outside such as traffic or aflatter, longer sound waves which travel more
lawn mower because the vibrations produced byeasily through surfaces than do higher pitch
these sound sources travel through the moleculessounds. Higher frequency sound waves, having a
of the air and through the structure of yourhigh Hertz value and thus more up and down
home to deliver a portion of the sound energy tomovement in the cycle, are less successful at
your ears.traveling through surfaces because they must
In this illustration, when the sound vibrationsovercome more distance and time within the
produced by the neighbor’s lawn mowerstructure. Comprehending frequency allows you to
change mediums, a portion of the sound isbetter understand why you are able to hear the
reflected off of the outer surface of your homelow pitch lawn mower next door yet you cannot
while the remainder transfers through the surfacehear the neighbors having a conversation from
and becomes audible within your home. Thethe same distance.
energy bouncing off of your home and remainingThe behavior of sound waves of differing decibel
outside is sound reflection, while the energylevels and frequencies accounts for the highly
traveling through the structure and into yourindividualized nature of soundproofing and sound
home demonstrates sound transmission. Sincereduction projects. It is advised to consult with a
wood, drywall, concrete and water are made upreputable soundproofing supplier prior to any
of molecules, sound energy travels as easilysoundproofing endeavor so as to ensure that an
through such structures as it does through air.effective solution for your application is reached.